SINCLAIR ZX SPECTRUM
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BASIC Programming
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By Steven Vickers
Edited by Robin Bradbeer
Converted to ASCII text by
Chris Owen
(Internet email: co@nvg.unit.no)
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Original edition published in 1982
by Sinclair Research Limited
This version published in 1995
by Chris Owen on behalf of Amstrad plc
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© Amstrad plc 1995 - all rights reserved
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This manual is freely distributable but must
not be distributed without this notice.
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HTML version by Pete Robinson.


CONTENTS

Chapter1Introduction
A guide to the ZX Spectrum keyboard and a description of the display.
Chapter 2Basic programming concepts
Programs, line numbers, editing programs using cursor down, cursor up and EDIT, RUN, LIST, GO TO, CONTINUE, INPUT, NEW, REM, PRINT, STOP in INPUT data, BREAK
Chapter 3Decisions
IF, STOP, =, <, >, <=, >=, <>
Chapter 4Looping
FOR, NEXT, TO, STEP. Introducing FOR-NEXT loops
Chapter 5Subroutines
GO SUB, RETURN
Chapter 6READ, DATA, RESTORE
Chapter 7Expressions
Mathematical expressions using +, -, *, /, scientific notation and variable names.
Chapter 8Strings
Handling strings and slicing.
Chapter 9Functions
User-definable functions and others readily available on the ZX Spectrum using DEF, LEN, STR$, VAL, SGN, ABS, INT, SQR, FN
Chapter 10Mathematical functions
Including simple trigonometry: , PI, EXP, LN, SIN, COS, TAN, ASN, ACS, ATN
Chapter 11Random numbers
Using RANDOMIZE and RND.
Chapter 12Arrays
Strings and numeric arrays - DIM.
Chapter 13Conditions
Logical expressions: AND, OR, NOT.
Chapter 14The character set
A look at the ZX character set including graphics and how to construct your own graphic characters: CODE, CHR$, POKE, PEEK, USR, BIN
Chapter 15More about PRINT and INPUT
Some more complicated uses of these commands using separators: ,;' , TAB, AT, LINE and CLS.
Chapter 16Colours
INK, PAPER, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE, OVER, BORDER
Chapter 17Graphics
PLOT, DRAW, CIRCLE, POINT
Chapter 18Motion
Animated graphics using PAUSE, INKEY$ and PEEK.
Chapter 19BEEP
The sound capabilities of the ZX Spectrum using BEEP.
Chapter 20Tape Storage
How to store your programs on cassette tape: SAVE, LOAD, VERIFY, MERGE.
Chapter 21The ZX Printer
LLIST, LPRINT, COPY
Chapter 22Other equipment
Connecting the ZX Spectrum to other machines and devices.
Chapter 23IN and OUT
Input/Output ports and their uses: IN, OUT
Chapter 24The memory
A look at the internal workings of the ZX Spectrum: CLEAR
Chapter 25The system variables
Chapter 26Using machine code
Introducing USR with a numeric argument
APPENDIX AThe character set
APPENDIX BReports
APPENDIX CA description of the ZX Spectrum for reference
APPENDIX DExample programs
APPENDIX EBinary and hexadecimal

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